·清热解毒法
·Method of Clearing Heat and Removing Toxicity
·活血化淤法
·Method of Promoting Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis
·软坚散结法
·Method of Softening and Resolving Hard Mass
·扶正培本法
·Method of and Banking up Root by Strengthening Vital Qi
·清骨补髓法
·Method of Bone Clearing and Marrow Supplementing
·以毒攻毒法
·Method of Treating the Toxifying Disease with Poisonous Agents
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| 温大夫根据临床经验,方剂的应用,科学配伍,独特炮制,精心筛选,利用名贵中草药材,治疗白血病、癌症行使有效的方案. | | 清热解毒法 （一）清热解毒法抗肿瘤的中医学基础
清热解毒法是以寒凉药物为主，治疗肿瘤（热毒）的方法。热毒是恶性肿瘤的主要病因病理之一，恶性肿瘤患者常有邪热淤毒蕴结体内，临床上表现为邪热壅盛，中、晚期患者在病情不断发展时，常见有发热、疼痛、肿块增大、局部灼热疼痛、口渴、便秘、黄苔、舌质红绛、脉数等热性症候。即有毒热内蕴或邪热淤毒表现，应以清热解毒药治疗。炎症和感染往往是促使肿瘤发展的病情恶化的因素之一，清热解毒药能控制和消除肿瘤周围的炎症和感染，所以能减轻症状，在恶性肿瘤某一阶段起到一定程度的控制肿瘤发展的作用，同时大量筛选出的有效抗肿瘤中草药的药性作用大多属于清热解毒的范围，所以清热解毒法是恶性肿瘤最常用的治疗法则之一。
（二）清热解毒法的药理学基础
据动物实验证实，许多清热解毒药具有抗肿瘤作用。如现代药理研究报导，白花蛇舌草具有广谱抗癌作用，除对白血病细胞、肝癌细胞、大鼠瓦克癌256、小鼠宫颈癌14、肉瘤180等等有抑杀作用外，而且又能使网状内皮系统显著增生，网状细胞增生肥大，胞浆丰富、吞噬活跃以及增强白细胞的吞噬功能，使机体在免疫过程中防御机能显著增强。如紫草除能抗炎、抗肉芽肿，促进创伤愈合外，还可抑制腹水型肉瘤180细胞的生长，延长带瘤小鼠的生命等等。又如白英除对小鼠肉瘤180、艾氏腹水癌、人体肺瘤有抑制作用外，还可增强机体非特异性免疫反应。薄公英除有广谱杀菌抗炎作用外，还能提高淋巴细胞转化率。由此可见清热解毒药在治疗中起到祛除病因和调整机体抗病能力的双重作用。故在治疗肿瘤中重视清热解毒药的应用和突出清热解毒法也是防治肿瘤转变恶化发展的关键。
（三）清热解毒法的应用
使用清热解毒法时，应辨别热证的真假，勿为假象所迷惑，如真热假寒，宜用寒凉之剂，切不可误投温药；如真寒假热，则宜使用温里，回阳剂，亦不可误用寒凉。临床上，屡用清热解毒而热毒仍不退应考虑改用滋阴壮水之法，阴复则其毒热自退，更有热邪炽盛，服清热解毒药入口即吐者，可于清热解毒剂中少佐辛温之姜汁或凉药热服，此即反佐之法。在中医辨证施治中，根据疾病不同的性质，清热解毒也常与其他治疗法则和药物相结合，如热邪炽盛耗损津液时，清热解毒药分别与养阴生津药及滋阴凉血药合并使用；如热盛迫血妄行时，则应与凉血止血药一起应用。另外，根据毒热蕴结的不同部位和不同表现，可以把作用于不同部位的清热解毒药分别应用，如黄芩清上焦肺热，黄连清胃肠热，黄柏清下焦热，山桅子清三焦热，龙胆草泻肝胆之积热，大黄泻肠胃之腑热等。同时清热法又常与利湿法；解毒法又常与化瘀散结法等同时使用。所以，根据病情，辨证地应用清热解毒药，使之在治疗肿瘤中发挥较好的效果。用清热解毒法，应根据病人的热势轻重的体质的强弱投以适当的药量，因热邪虽易伤津劫液，但寒凉之药用之过早或过量，亦有邪恋不解，或损伤脾胃之弊。
<<景岳全书>>谓: “凡诸口鼻出血,多由阴盛阳虚,二火逼血而妄行清窍也……惟补阴抑阳,则火清气降而静矣……火盛逼血狂型者……可以清火为先,火清血自安矣.”
血液病多有实火,少有虚火.实者邪实,虚者正虚.各类白血病,急性再生障碍性贫血,急性非淋巴细胞白血病,原发性血小板减少症,骨髓增生异常综合症等病的发热,是血液中异性细胞的恶变反应,属实热;各类慢性血液病有手足心热,眼干口燥,有汗,尿黄等症状者皆属虚热.实火当清泻,虚火应滋阴.
血液病之发病多由火起,治疗因火而乱,出血,感染皆由火而诱发,气有余便是火.有火血必热,血热则妄行,妄行即出血.因此,对血液病的出血,必须清热凉血,才能止血.清热先清气,清气需败毒,败毒重清肺,肺清气自降, 自降火自熄,火熄血自止,血凉自归宿.
血液病的热,热中有湿.湿在上焦,胸嗝胀满,头晕目眩,面浮,湿在中焦,脘腹胀痞,不欲饮食,口粘口甜,恶心呕吐,肢体困重;湿在下焦,足肿尿浊,妇女带多.湿多夹热,热多有湿.在清热败毒中,应加入燥湿之药,以助疗效.且燥湿药可健脾,脾乃运化之官,生血之本,脾强则血盛.
血液病的清热败毒,化湿凉血,临床用药的配伍,当根据血液病的特点,酌情灵活运用.谨防清热过度伤元阳,败毒过急亏胃脾,凉血甚伤气机,化湿超限耗津液.
Method of Clearing Heat and Removing Toxicity
i. Traditional Chinese Medicine Basis of Using Method of Clearing Heat and Removing Toxicity to Treat Tumor
Method of clearing heat and removing toxicity refers to method of treating tumor (heat-toxicity) mainly basing on cold and cool medicines. Heat-toxicity is one of main causes and pathologies of malignant tumor. The patient of malignant tumor usually has pathogenic heat accumulated in the interior, of which the clinical manifestation is retention and excess of pathogenic heat. In the course of disease deterioration, the patients in intermediate and terminal stages usually have heat syndromes like fever, pain, increase of lump volume, local burning pain, thirsty, constipation, yellow fur, dark red tongue and rapid pulse, that is, there is manifestation of heat-toxicity accumulated in the interior or pathogenic heat and stagnant toxicity, which should be treated by medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity. The inflammation and infection are one of factors deteriorating conditions of tumors. The medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity can control and eliminate inflammation and infection around the tumor, therefore, they could alleviate the syndromes, inhibit progression of tumor to some extent in some stage of malignant tumor, and medicinal property of largely selected effective anti-tumor Chinese traditional and herbal drugs mostly belong to clearing heat and removing toxicity. Thus method of clearing heat and removing toxicity is one of the most common principles of treating malignant tumors.
ii. Pharmacology Basis of Method of Clearing Heat and Removing Toxicity
The animal experiments testify that many medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity have anti-tumor function. For example, modern pharmacology research reported that hedyotis has function of broad-spectrum anticancer, in addition to inhibition and disinfection effects on leukemia cells, live cancer cells, rat Walker’s carcinoma-265, mouse uterine cervical cancer 14 and sarcoma 180, it could also significantly promote hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial system and reticular cells, enrich the hyalomitome, activate phagocytic function, strengthen phagocytic function of leucocyte and significantly strengthen resistance of organism in immunity course. For example, besides the functions of anti-inflammatory, anti- granuloma and promoting healing of wound, gromwell root could also inhibit growth of ascites sarcoma 180 and lengthen life of mouse suffering from tumor and so on. Another example is that climbing nightshade does not only have inhibition effects on mouse sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites tumor and human lung tumor, but could also strengthen nonspecific immune response of organism. In addition to broad-spectrum sterilization and anti-inflammatory effects, the dandelion could also improve conversion ratio of lymphocyte. It can be seen that medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity have double functions of eliminating pathogen and adjusting resistance of organism to disease. Therefore, it is critical to prevent tumor from deteriorating to attach much attention to application of medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity and highlighting method of clearing heat and removing toxicity in treatment of tumor.
iii. Application of Method of Clearing Heat and Removing Toxicity
Pay attention to distinguish true heat syndrome from false ones when using method of clearing heat and removing toxicity. Please be not confused by appearance. For example, as for true heat and false cold syndromes, cold and cool medicines should be used, and warm medicines must not be used; as for true cold and false heat syndromes, interior-warming and yang-restoring prescriptions should be adopted, no cold and cool medicine is allowed to use incorrectly. In clinical treatment, if heat-toxicity could not be eliminated by frequently using method of clearing heat and removing toxicity, method of nourishing yin and strengthening governor of water should be considered, because the restoring of yin could clear pathogenic heat. As for patients with exuberance of pathogenic heat who vomit right after having medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity, they should take pungent and warm natured ginger juice or cooling medicines when the medicines are hot. This refers to the contrary method. In the treatment based on syndromes differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine, in accordance with different properties of diseases, the methods and medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity are usually used by combination with other treatment principles and medicines. For example, when exuberance of pathogenic heat impairs body fluid, medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity are usually used together with medicines of nourishing yin and promoting fluid production and medicines of nourishing yin and cooling blood; for example, if excess of heat causes accelerated blood circulation, medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity are usually used together with medicines of cooling blood and arresting bleeding. In addition, in accordance with different parts and manifestations of accumulation of heat-toxicity, medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity that act on different parts of body could be used separately, for example, baical skullcap root clears lung heat of upper energizer, golden thread clears stomach and intestinal heat, amur cork-tree clears heat of lower energizer, cape jasmine fruit clears heat of triple energizer, Chinese gentian clears heat accumulation of liver and gallbladder, rhubarb root and rhizome clears intestinal and stomach heat. And the method of clearing heat is usually used together with method of promoting diuresis; and method of removing toxicity is always used combining with method of removing blood stasis and resolving static blood. Therefore, use the medicines of clearing heat and removing toxicity basing on syndromes differentiation could bring them into full play. When using method of clearing heat and removing toxicity, correct dosage of medicines should be used in accordance with degree of heat as well as physique of patient. Although the pathogenic heat impairs body fluid, premature and excessive use of clod and cool medicines may have disadvantages that lingering pathogen is not removed and causes injures to spleen and stomach.
and yang deficiency and the two fires lead to accelerated blood circulation and syndrome of orifices……only method of nourishing yin and restraining hyperactivity of yang could clear heat
Jingyue's Complete Works says: “hematemesis and epistaxis always caused by yin excessiveness
and descend qi……as for patient suffering from accelerated blood circulation caused by exuberance of fire, fire-clearing is the first step, for blood would calm down after clearing fire.
Hematology often has fire of excess type and seldom has fire of deficient type. Excess refers to excess of pathogenic qi and deficiency refers to deficiency of vital qi. Fever of various leukemia, acute aplastic anemia, acute non lymphocytic leukemia, primary thrombocytopenia, and mycelodysplastic syndrome belongs to excessive heat; feverishness in palms and soles, dry eyes and mouth, sweating, and yellow urine of various chronic hematology belong to deficient heat. Clear excessive fire and method of nourishing yin is applicable to fire of deficient type.
Hematology is always caused by fire, and treatment is always confused by fire. Hemorrhage and infection are aroused by fire that is caused by deficiency of yin fluid and excess of yang qi. Fire must cause blood heat, which may leads to accelerated blood circulation, and thus leads to hemorrhage. Therefore, for hemorrhage of hematology, arresting bleeding must base on clearing heat and cooling blood. Clearing heat at qi level is the prior to heat-clearing. Clearing heat at qi level should base on toxicity-removing that attaches much attention to clearing lung-heat. Clearing lung-heat would descend qi, which leads to fire-clearing and thus bleeding stops. At last, blood goes back automatically after being cooled.
Heat in hematology contains dampness. Dampness in upper energizer shows tumescence of chest and diaphragm, dizziness, and facial edema. Dampness in middle energizer shows abdomen distention, inappetence, sticky and sweet taste in mouth, nausea and vomiting, and heavy lethargy; dampness in lower energizer shows feet swelling, turbid urine, leukorrhagia of women. Dampness and heat always mix with each other. Medicine of drying dampness should be added in that of clearing heat and removing toxicity so as to improve therapeutic effects. In addition, the medicine of drying dampness could strengthen spleen. The spleen governs the transportation and transformation and is the root of blood production, so strengthening spleen could make blood excessive.
Clearing heat and removing toxicity, removing dampness and cooling blood, as well as synergy of clinical medicines regarding hematology should be used properly and flexibly in accordance with features of hematology. Try to avoid that excessive heat-clearing impairs primordial qi and yang qi, urgent toxicity-removing leads to deficiency of stomach and spleen, excessive blood-cooling injuries qi movement, and excessive dampness-removing consumes body fluid.
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