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| 祖国医学对白血病的认识 | 在祖国医学古代的文献中，对白血病在临床出现的贫血、出血、发热、浸润等症状，早有记载。
急性白血病在临床上往往发热和贫血症状同时出现，与祖国医学中“热劳”、“急劳”的证候相似。《圣济总录》说：“热劳之证，心神烦躁，面赤，头疼，眼涩，唇焦，身体壮热，烦渴不止，口舌生疮，食饮无味，肢节酸疼，多卧少起，或时盗汗， 日渐赢瘦者是也。”这种有稽留热、出汗多、进行性消瘦、口舌溃 烂等见证的疾患，与急性白血病的临床表现极为相似，仅缺少了血象和骨髓象资料。
急性白血病的发热，有两种表现，一是低热在38℃左右， 午后明显， 自汗，类如潮热骨蒸，称为“内蒸”。另一种是壮热， 稽留在39℃以上，有汗不解，烦躁不安，类似温病伏邪。虽与“伏气温病”有相似之处，但又不完全相同。首先，它没有阳明经证面赤、气粗、渴饮、脉大等实热证候，相反，在壮热时出现面色黄白少华，气息短促，口不渴或渴不欲冷饮，以及细数脉、 淡白舌等虚象。此外，精神状态也无阳明腑实证那样躁狂，而是神情倦怠，萎顿、懒言，抑郁。据此以论，显然急性白血病的发 热是属于虚热的范畴。说得更明确一些，是一种具有类如伏气温病发热标象的一种内伤虚热。
白血病的出血症状有：咯血、吐血、鼻衄、肌衄、尿血、便血、大衄等等，在中医文献中统称为“血证”。中医对血证有个 概括性的整体认识：一为血热迫血妄行，一为气虚不能摄血。前者为实证，伴有发热、发斑、外感等证；后者为虚证，是因气虚藏统失司，血不循经，血失气散。
急性白血病的继发感染，主要由于免疫功能降低，属于“卫气虚”的范畴，是因虚致病。《内经》所谓“邪之所凑，其气必虚”。往往由很轻微的刺激，便引起严重的后果。因此，应该根据“先逆而后生病者治其本”的道理，采用扶正祛邪之法。
白血病的浸润现象，大多表现为肝、脾肿大和淋巴结肿大。 淋巴结肿大，多数为肝肾阴亏，痰毒胶结的本虚标实证。笔者所见的各型白血病，极大多数初发或复发病例，均以西医联合化疗方案治疗为主，中医中药辨证论治为辅。实际上，化疗药物是剧毒药，其毒性与砒汞相比，有过之而无不及。故在缓解期间，应以中药扶正培本为主，中草药抗癌为辅。
View of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Leukemia
Clinical symptoms of leukemia such as anemia, bleeding, fever, infiltration have been recorded in ancient literature of traditional Chinese medicine.
Fever and anemia usually occur at the same time for clinical symptoms of acute leukemia, which are similar to the syndromes of “geraud,” “acute pulmonary tuberculosis” in traditional Chinese medicine. Complete Record of Holy Benevolence recorded: “Patients with the following syndromes are of geraud: disturbance of heart and spirit, red face, headache, dried eyes and lips, strong heat body, persistent and excessive thirst, sore in mouth and tongue, lack of appetite, sour pain of joints, more lying than standing, sometimes with night sweating, and getting thinner gradually.” Diseases with syndromes such as continued fever, excessive sweating, progressive emaciation, ulcer in mouth and tongue are very similar to clinical manifestations of acute leukemia, but short of information of hemogram and myelogram.
The fever of acute leukemia has two types of manifestations; one type is low fever around 38℃, obvious in the afternoon, spontaneous sweating, similar to steaming bone tidal fever, and is called as “internal steaming.” Another is high fever, above 39℃ continuously, no alleviation on sweating, dysphoria uneasily, similar to warm disease caused by incubating pathogens. It has some similarities with “insidious febrile disease,” but not the same completely. Firstly, it has no excessive heat syndrome of Yang-Ming Meridian such as red face, rough breathing, thirst desire to drink, and large pulse, etc., on the contrary, false images such as yellow, white, and lusterless complexion, short breath, not thirsty, or thirst without desire to drink, and thready and rapid pulse, pale tongue. In addition, the spiritual conditions are not that manic as excess syndrome of Yangming fu-viscera, but in a condition of fatigue, dispirited and disinclination to talk, depressed. As a result, the fever from acute leukemia belongs to the category of deficient heat. To be exactly, it is deficient fever due to internal injury which is similar to heating manifestation of insidious febrile disease.
Bleeding symptoms of leukemia are: hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematohidrosis, hematuriam, hemafecia, profuse bleeding, etc. which are collectively called as “Blood Syndrome.” Traditional Chinese medicine has a general understanding for blood syndrome: one is accelerated blood circulation caused by heat blood, another one is qi is deficient, and it fails to control blood. The former one is excess syndrome, accompanied with fever, skin dot, exogenous syndromes; the latter one is deficiency syndrome, the blood fails to follow the channel, and loses blood, disperses qi, which is caused by that deficient qi fails to control blood.
The secondary infection of acute leukemia, which is mainly caused by immune function decline, belongs to the category of “deficiency of defensive qi,” and caused by deficiency. The so called “The region where pathogenic factors invades must be deficient in Qi.” in the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor. Slight irritations often result in serious consequences. So, the method of strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor shall be adopted in accordance with the reason of “the patient who first gets incongruence and later becomes sick, treat the root of the patient.”
The infiltration phenomenon of leukemia is mainly manifested as intumescences of liver and spleen and intumescences of lymph node. Most of the intumescences of lymph node are of yin deficiency of liver and kidney, the deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality of cementation of phlegm and toxin. Most of the leukemia the author saw is of initial occurrence or relapse type, all of which takes the chemotherapeutic treatment of western medicine as the main, and the syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy as secondary method. In fact, the chemotherapeutic drugs are of extremely toxicity, of which the toxicity is even worse compared with arsenic and mecury. Thus, the method of banking up root by strengthening vital Qi of traditional Chinese medicine shall be taken as the main and anticancer with traditional Chinese herbal medicine as secondary method during the remission period.
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